Musi waGumiguru 31, 2008, chiziviso chakasainwa naSatoshi Nakamoto chakagadzirisa dambudziko iri nebepa remapeji-mapfumbamwe ekuti ungandibhadhare sei mune network isingazivikanwe zvachose.

Isu tave kuziva kuti murume asinganzwisisike anozivikanwa saSatoshi Nakamoto uye iwo mapfumbamwe mapeji akagadzirwa kubva mumhepo mutete yakaenzana ne100 bhiriyoni RMB mu bitcoin uye tekinoroji inoipa simba, blockchain.

Pasina munhu wechitatu anovimbwa naye, dambudziko hombe nderekuti hapana mumwe wedu anogona kuvimba mumwe nemumwe, saka munyika yecha blockchain, kuendesa kunofanirwa kutepfenyurwa kuitira kuti munhu wese azive nhoroondo yedhora rega rega remumwe nemumwe munhu mune network. Vanhu vanozoona kuti izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvandataura nesiginicha yemagetsi, wozoisa kuchinjisa mugwaro. Iyi ledger ndiyo block. Kubatanidza mabhuroko pamwechete ndeye blockchain. Iyo inorekodha kutengeserana kwese kweBitcoin kubva pakuvambwa kwayo kusvika nhasi, uye ikozvino kune angangoita mazana matanhatu ezviuru, ane zviuru zviviri kana zvitatu zvezviitiko zvakanyorwa mubhokisi rega rega, uye account yega yega, kusanganisira yako neyangu, inorangarira chaizvo kuti ine marii, kupi yakabva, kwayakashandiswa, uye iri pachena uye yakavhurika.

Mune blockchain network, munhu wese akabata rakafanana uye chairo-nguva-rakagadziriswa leja. Zvisingashamisi, kuvimbika kwereja ndiro dombo rekona yemari yedhijitari, uye kana bhuku racho risiri muhurongwa, hapana mari ingashande zvakanaka.

Asi izvi zvinomutsa mibvunzo miviri mitsva: ndiani anochengetera munhu wese mabhuku? Unoita sei kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti mabhuku haana kunyeperwa?

Kana munhu wese aigona kuchengeta leja, zviitiko uye kuteedzana kwezvekutenga zviri mubhokisi rega rega zvinogona kunge zvakatosiyana, uye kana paine zvakanyorwa nemaune zvakanyeperwa, zvinotonyanya kuita mhirizhonga. Hazvigoneke kutora bhuku rinogamuchirwa kune wese munhu.

Saka munhu anochengeta mabhuku anofanirwa kuti munhu wese aagamuchire kuitira kuti mabhuku emunhu wese ave akafanana. Izvi zvinozivikanwawo sechibvumirano nzira.

Nhasi kune marudzi ese enzira dzakasiyana dzekubvumirana dzakasiyana siyana dzemablockchains, uye mhinduro yaSatoshi ndeyekuita dambudziko. Chero ani anoshandira mhinduro pakutanga ane kodzero yekuchengeta mabhuku. Maitiro aya anonzi PoW: Uchapupu-hwe-Kubasa, Uchapupu hweKushanda Kwebasa.

Hunhu hweuchapupu hwekuwanda kwebasa hwakakwana, uye iyo yakawanda masvomhu simba chishandiso chako chine, inowedzera mukana wekutsvaga mhinduro.

Kuti uite izvi, hash encryption inoshandiswa.

Tora iyo SHA256 algorithm semuenzaniso, chero tambo yevatambi yakavharidzirwa nayo inoburitsa yakasarudzika tambo ye256-bit binary nhamba. Kana iyo yekutanga yekuisa ikashandurwa neimwe nzira, iyo hash yakavharidzirwa nhamba ichave yakanyatsosiyana.

Hunhu hweuchapupu hwekuwanda kwebasa hwakakwana, uye iyo yakawanda masvomhu simba chishandiso chako chine, inowedzera mukana wekutsvaga mhinduro.

Kuti uite izvi, hash encryption inoshandiswa.

Tora iyo SHA256 algorithm semuenzaniso, chero tambo yevatambi yakavharidzirwa nayo inoburitsa yakasarudzika tambo ye256-bit binary nhamba. Kana iyo yekutanga yekuisa ikashandurwa neimwe nzira, iyo hash yakavharidzirwa nhamba ichave yakanyatsosiyana.

Hunhu hweuchapupu hwekuwanda kwebasa hwakakwana, uye iyo yakawanda masvomhu simba chishandiso chako chine, inowedzera mukana wekutsvaga mhinduro.

Kuti uite izvi, hash encryption inoshandiswa.

Tora iyo SHA256 algorithm semuenzaniso, chero tambo yevatambi yakavharidzirwa nayo inoburitsa yakasarudzika tambo ye256-bit binary nhamba. Kana iyo yekutanga yekuisa ikashandurwa neimwe nzira, iyo hash yakavharidzirwa nhamba ichave yakanyatsosiyana.

Hunhu hweuchapupu hwekuwanda kwebasa hwakakwana, uye iyo yakawanda masvomhu simba chishandiso chako chine, inowedzera mukana wekutsvaga mhinduro.

Kuti uite izvi, hash encryption inoshandiswa.

Tora iyo SHA256 algorithm semuenzaniso, chero tambo yevatambi yakavharidzirwa nayo inoburitsa yakasarudzika tambo ye256-bit binary nhamba. Kana iyo yekutanga yekuisa ikashandurwa neimwe nzira, iyo hash yakavharidzirwa nhamba ichave yakanyatsosiyana.

Hunhu hweuchapupu hwekuwanda kwebasa hwakakwana, uye iyo yakawanda masvomhu simba chishandiso chako chine, inowedzera mukana wekutsvaga mhinduro.

Kuti uite izvi, hash encryption inoshandiswa.

Tora iyo SHA256 algorithm semuenzaniso, chero tambo yevatambi yakavharidzirwa nayo inoburitsa yakasarudzika tambo ye256-bit binary nhamba. Kana iyo yekutanga yekuisa ikashandurwa neimwe nzira, iyo hash yakavharidzirwa nhamba ichave yakanyatsosiyana

Kana isu tavhura bhuroka, tinogona kuona huwandu hwezviitiko zvakanyorwa mune iyo block, ruzivo rwekutengesa, block musoro uye rumwe ruzivo.

Musoro webato ndeyechiratidzo chebhuroko rine ruzivo senge timestamp, Merk muti mudzi hashi, nhamba isina kujairika uye hashi yeiyo yapfuura block, uye kuita yechipiri SHA256 kuverenga pamusoro webhloko musoro kunotipa iyo hashi yeiyi block.

Kuti uchengetedze, iwe unofanirwa kurongedza ruzivo rwakasiyana-siyana mubhokisi, uye wozoshandura iyi nhamba isina kujairika mumusoro we block kuitira kuti kukosha kwekuisa kukwanise kumhanyiswa kuti uwane kukosha kwehash uko manhamba ekutanga n ari 0 mushure mekuverenga hash .

Kune zviripo chete zvingangoitika zviviri padhijiti imwe neimwe: 1 ne0, saka mukana wekubudirira kweshanduko imwe neimwe kuenda kunhamba nhamba imwe nh. 2. Semuenzaniso, kana n iri 1, ndiko kuti, sekureba sekunge nhamba yekutanga iri 0, ipapo mukana wekubudirira uri 1 pa2.

Iyo inowedzera simba remakomputa irimo mumambure, mazero akawandisa anofanira kuverengerwa, uye zvakanyanya kuoma basa rebasa kuratidza.

Nhasi, n mune yeBitcoin network ingangoita makumi manomwe neshanu, inova yekubudirira mwero we1 muzvikamu makumi manomwe nezvitanhatu pa2, kana ingangoita 1 muna 755 tiririyoni

Iine $ 8,000 RTX 2080Ti kadhi yemifananidzo, angangoita makore 1407 kuverenga.

Hazvisi nyore kuti uwane masvomhu zvakanaka, asi kana ukangozviita, munhu wese anogona kuongorora munguva pfupi kuti wakazviwana nenzira kwayo. Kana zviri zvechokwadi, munhu wese achabatanidza iro bhuru kune leja uye otanga kurongedza mune inotevera block.

Nenzira iyi, munhu wese ari mumambure ane yakafanana, chaiyo-nguva yakagadziridzwa leja.

Uye kuchengetedza munhu wese achikurudzirwa kuita bhuku, iyo yekutanga node yekupedzisa kurongedza bhuroka ichapihwa mubairo neiyo sisitimu, ikozvino 12.5 bitcoins, kana ingangoita 600,000 RMB. Maitiro aya anozivikanwawo sekuchera.

Kune rimwe divi, kuti tidzivise kukanganisa gwaro, rimwe bhuroko nyowani rinowedzerwa rinoda kurekodha kukosha kweiyo hashi yeyamberi block, inozivikanwa seye hashi pointer, mune block block musoro. Yakadai inogara ichienda kumberi pointer inozopedzisira yonongedzera kune yekutanga kuvakwa, ichisunga mabhuru ese pamwe chete zvine simba.

Kana iwe ukachinja chero eimwe mavara mune chero bhuroka, iwe unoshandura iyo hash kukosha kweiyo block, ichikanganisa iyo inotevera block's hash pointer.

Saka iwe unofanirwa kugadzirisa iyo hash pointer yeinotevera block, asi izvo zvinokanganisa kukosha kweiyo hashi yeiyo block, saka iwe zvakare unofanirwa kuverenga iyo isina kujairika nhamba, uye mushure mekupedza kuverenga, iwe unofanirwa kugadzirisa iyo inotevera block yeiyo block kusvikira wagadzirisa ese mabhureki mushure meiyo block, inova yakaoma kwazvo.

Izvi zvinoita kuti zvisakwanise kuti mubhuki webhuku arambe achiteedzera zvekunyepedzera kunyangwe dai aida hake. Nekuda kwesiginicha yemagetsi, mubiki wemabhuku haakwanise kunyepedzera kubva kune mumwe munhu achienda kwaari, uye nekuda kwenhoroondo yebhuku, haakwanise kushandura huwandu hwemari kunze kwemweya mutete kana.

Asi izvi zvinomutsa mubvunzo mutsva: kana vanhu vaviri vapedza kuverenga panguva imwe chete uye kurongedza bhuru idzva, ndiani wavanofanira kuteerera?

Mhinduro ndeyekuti chero akareba zvakakwana kuti ateerere, uye ikozvino munhu wese anogona kurongedza mushure memaviri mabhuroko. Semuenzaniso, kana mukomana wekutanga anopedza kuverenga munharaunda inotevera akasarudza kubatana neB, keteni B ichave yakareba uye vamwe vese vangangodaro vanobatana neB zvakare.

Mukati mematanho matanhatu ekurongedza, uyo anokunda anowanzogadziriswa, uye bhizinesi reketani rakasiiwa rinobviswa rodzoserwa mudziva rekutengesa kuti rizorongedzwa.

Asi sezvo ari iye chero munhu akarebera achiteerera kune chero akareba, chero bedzi iwe uchigona kuverenga zvirinani kupfuura vamwe vese, uye simba rako rekuverenga rakakura kupfuura 51%, unogona kuverenga ketani refu kwazvo uri wega, wobva wadzora bhuku .

Saka kukura kwesimba remakomputa evashandi vemumigodhi munyika yeBitcoin, mazero akawandisa munhu wese anofanira kuverenga, achiva nechokwadi chekuti hapana anokwanisa kudzora reja.

Asi mamwe ma blockchains ane vashoma vatori vechikamu haafambe zvakanaka, senge 51% kurwisa pamari yedhijitari inonzi Bitcoin Gold muna Chivabvu 15, 2018.

Vanorwisa vakatanga vatamisa madhora gumi emamiriyoni emadhora ekuchinjana, uye kuchinjisa uku kwakanyorwa pachivharidziro A. Vapanduki vakakwanisa kuendesa yavo madhora gumi emamiriyoni emadhora kuchinjana. Panguva imwecheteyo, anorwisa akagadzirira pachivande B uko kwaisatamisa uye akaverenga bhuru nyowani mushure mebhuru B. Iye akarwisa akagadzirirawo pachivande B iyo isina kuendeswa.

Kamwe kana kuchinjiswa paCheni kusimbiswa, anorwisa anogona kubvisa iyo goridhe rudiki pane iyo shanduko. Asi sezvo simba remurwisi remakomputa iri 51% yakakura kupfuura network yese, ketani B inozopedzisira yareba kupfuura ketani A, uye nekuburitsa tambo B yakareba kune rese network, nhoroondo ichazonyorwazve, iyo B chain ichatsiva iyo Cheni seketani yechokwadi, uye kuendesa kuchinjana muBlock A kuchabviswa, zvichiwana murwisi miriyoni gumi pasina.

Nhasi, nzira iri nyore kune wepakati munhu asina arithmetic simba rekuwana mari yedhijitari ndeyekuitenga pane yekuchinjana uye kuibvisa kukero yako yechikwama.

Iri kero rinobva kukiyi yako yakavanzika, iyo yakavharidzirwa, uye kiyi yeruzhinji, iyo yakavharidzirwa, inowana kero.

Mune isingazivikanwe network senge blockchain, chete yakavanzika kiyi ndiyo inogona kuratidza kuti ndiwe, uye chero bedzi kuchinjisa kuchiperekedzwa nesiginicha yemagetsi inogadzirwa nekiyi yako yakavanzika, munhu wese anogona kusimbisa kuti kuchinjiswa kuri pamutemo. Saka kana kiyi yakavanzika ikakanganiswa, chero munhu anogona kunyepedzera kunge ndiwe uye nekuchinjisa mari.